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Julia function arguments follow a convention sometimes called “pass-by-sharing”, which means that values are not copied when they are passed to functions. Function arguments themselves act as new variable bindings (new locations that can refer to values), but the values they refer to are identical to the passed values. Modifications to mutable values (such as Arrays) made within a function will be visible to the caller. This is the same behavior found in Scheme, most Lisps, Python, Ruby and Perl, among other dynamic languages.

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They can be assigned to variables, and called using the standard function call syntax from the variable they have been assigned to

julia> x -> x^2 + 2x - 1
#1 (generic function with 1 method)

julia> function (x)
           x^2 + 2x - 1
       end
#2 (generic function with 1 method)